¡¡ En las calles de Moscú, los rusos están conmocionados por la guerra de Putin,... https://jacobinmag.com/2022/02/moscow-russian-reactions-ukraine-war-invasion-protests?mc_cid=654397dc4e&mc_eid=df230a7dc1
Un manifestante con una máscara que decía "No a la guerra" es detenido por la policía. (Moskvichmag.ru)
¡¡ En las calles de Moscú, los rusos están conmocionados por la guerra de Putin (jacobinmag.com) ¡¡
El portavoz del presidente, Dmitry Peskov, se mostró confiado en que "los rusos apoyarán la operación en Ucrania al igual que apoyaron el reconocimiento de la DNR y la LNR", refiriéndose a las Repúblicas Populares de Donetsk y Lugansk. Pero en la noche del primer día de la guerra, varios miles de moscovitas se reunieron en la calle Tverskaya para expresar su desacuerdo con él. La policía bloqueó la plaza Pushkin, pero la gente se movió en multitudes bastante densas a lo largo de los bulevares, Tverskaya y los callejones circundantes. Predominaron los rostros jóvenes.
Los mismos rostros jóvenes prevalecieron hace diez años en la plaza Bolotnaya y la avenida Sájarov durante las protestas contra Putin de 2011-12. Pero la atmósfera ha cambiado radicalmente a lo largo de los años. En 2012, los "ciudadanos enojados" estaban orgullosos de su "creatividad" efusiva: cientos de consignas, pancartas y cánticos. Sus autores competían con ingenio. Ahora la gente en su mayoría se movía en silencio. Corearon un solo lema: "¡No a la guerra!" Al menos 955 personas fueron detenidas por la noche.
No hubo tantos manifestantes como en las manifestaciones más grandes de los últimos años, pero no tan pocos como uno esperaría un jueves por la noche, el primer día de la guerra, cuando reinaba la confusión y la depresión en todas partes. Pero la mayoría de estas personas eran, si no manifestantes endurecidos, de una manera u otra una parte del entorno de la oposición. La clase media politizada está previsiblemente insatisfecha con los movimientos radicales de la dirección del país. Pero, ¿qué pasa con la gran mayoría de los rusos que no están involucrados en este movimiento contra la guerra? Hablé con algunos de ellos.
¿Quién necesita la guerra?
"Por supuesto que estoy en contra de la guerra", dice una madre que camina con sus hijos en el Parque Tagansky. "¿Quién necesita la guerra? Lo siento mucho por la gente. Lloré todo el día hoy. Tengo miedo por mis hijos. ¿Qué les pasará?"
Her two children, who look about six and eight years old, meanwhile, happily run around us. But at one point the boy stops, snuggles up to his mother, and asks, “Mom, can Snoop become a service dog so that he can protect us?”
I walked from Taganskaya Square to the Pokrovsky Monastery near Abelmanovskaya Zastava. I approached all kinds of people: young girls, grannies selling flowers, workers in yellow municipal vests, and pilgrims going to worship St Matrona of Moscow. I asked a few simple questions. Almost everyone readily answered. There were those who came up to me themselves. Many spoke hastily, as if they were finally breaking a vow of silence.
“Very bad!” said two girls of about eighteen. “Very bad!”
The enthusiasm and support that the president’s spokesman hoped for is absent. Out of thirty or forty respondents, only one — a young man of conscription age — spoke about patriotic support for the Russian authorities’ actions: “This is our land. It must be protected. If they send me, then I will go where I am told to.”
But when I asked him what awaits us in the near future, he answered without much patriotic pathos: “I think some foreign social networks will be banned. As for the rest. . . . Bread for 500 rubles, a euro for 500 [the exchange rate is currently around 1 to 100]. Our government makes a lot of mistakes. But once we’ve started, we need to see this through to the end.”
Everyone else voiced feelings ranging from fear to resentment. I did not meet anyone psychologically prepared for disturbing news from the front. People simply could not explain why Russian troops were digging into Ukrainian territory. No one gave them any convincing answers. Older people remembered 2014 and the Crimean spring.
“It was somehow easier then,” said a man in his forties whom I stopped outside a branch of Sberbank. “There was a sense of unity. And a sense of justice, or something. Back then our people were offended — and we stood up for them. And we took what was ours. And now I do not understand. Why did we invade?”
“Sociologists say that the military action in Ukraine, which began today, came as a surprise to Russian society and formed a situation of mass shock. Analysts are pointing out that people turned out to be unprepared for a military confrontation,” admits the pro-Kremlin Nezigar channel on Telegram.
No One Asked Us
Two guys are coming out of a café. I turn to them with questions about the war, the exchange rate, and the consequences. They, like everyone else, don’t understand this war. “We don’t want to think about it. We don’t think about it. That’s why we can’t say anything intelligible,” says one of them.
The other adds: “It’s like something divine . . . something cosmic. What can you do about it? It just goes without saying, for Christ’s sake. We should get out of here. Go to the countryside, to the woods. We should light fires. And not think.”
This motif came up very often in my sociological experiment. People encounter something that exceeds their ability to understand. War. Something that does not fit into their moral coordinates. It’s not a defensive war. It has no particular reason. And they shrug off this news that they are unable to do anything about.
“I forbade my mother to watch the news,” says a middle-aged woman. “I told her to watch My Fair Nanny. It’s a good show! But don’t read the news! It’s bad for you.”
A couple of college freshmen told me that today their classmates are unwilling or afraid to discuss politics. “There’s a feeling that they just don’t notice. They try not to notice.” A lot of people have the same impression.
“It amazes me that everyone is silent, as if this is normal” says an indignant worker with a mustache from the municipal energy company. “They’re just glued to their cell phones, that’s all!”
But this feeling of general indifference may be deceptive. Almost all my respondents told me they had discussed the shocking news in one way or another. Many admitted to spending “all day” on it. But the heated conversations with loved ones contrasted with a city that (for now) continues to go through its daily routine. And many feel like they are the only ones here experiencing anxiety, powerlessness, and loneliness. Although, in the passing crowd, almost everyone is probably experiencing these feelings right now and for the same reason.
No one has asked these men and women — or anyone else in the country — what they think. Do they think they should send Russian tanks and planes into the former fraternal republic? Are they willing to make sacrifices for the sake of what Putin calls the “denazification of Ukraine”? Do they believe that the country’s security requires extreme measures? It was only one day into the war, but many already felt the need to talk about it, to voice their opinions. At least just to be heard.
“Will you really write that I am against the war?” an old woman outside a grocery store naively asked me.
The Main Problem
“It’s as if there are no other things [the state] could be doing!” the elderly flower seller told me in a low voice.
Yesterday, my neighbor’s son had a major accident because the road just collapsed from underneath him. Well really, is it so necessary for them to start a war somewhere? Wouldn’t it be better to lay the asphalt normally? Here I am, an old woman, standing here peddling. My pension is not enough. Well at least I lived somehow. And now? Like under the Germans, is it war again?
Six women in their fifties stand in a circle near the Marksistskaya metro station with their bags on pedestals.
“Yes, it’s alarming, of course,” said the most boisterous among them. “And I am very afraid. For our husbands, for our children. They may be drafted. But we hope that it will all come to an end soon. That our people will quickly restore order there. But there’s a war, guys. . . . It’s the twenty-first century, and we’re at war. If it starts on a large scale, it will affect everyone.”
“So we’re not going to be flying to Egypt anytime soon?” I ask the woman who was just talking about her recent trip.
“Of course we will, God willing” she answers. “Everything will be all right. Everything will be fine! I think we have a strong army, and it won’t affect us, the civilians, anytime soon. We have a great president. So it’s not the main problem . . .”
The woman stammers. Her stream of optimism can’t find an outlet. Her friends shake their heads: “No, Lena. This is fucked up. This is the main problem now.”
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